Struktur, Fungsi, dan Regulasi Sistem Saraf Otonom Pada Tubuh Manusia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47134/phms.v2i3.401Keywords:
Sistem Saraf Otonom, Disautonomia, StresAbstract
Sistem saraf otonom (SSO) merupakan bagian integral dari sistem saraf yang berfungsi mengatur berbagai proses fisiologis tubuh tanpa kesadaran sadar, termasuk detak jantung, tekanan darah, pencernaan, dan respons terhadap stres. SSO terdiri dari tiga komponen utama: sistem simpatis, parasimpatis, dan enterik. Masing-masing memiliki fungsi yang berbeda, namun saling berinteraksi dalam mempertahankan homeostasis tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji struktur, fungsi, mekanisme regulasi, dan gangguan yang terkait dengan SSO. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka terhadap delapan artikel ilmiah utama yang dipilih berdasarkan relevansi dan keterkinian (2018–2024) melalui basis data Google Scholar dan ScienceDirect. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa SSO berperan penting dalam menjaga kestabilan fisiologis tubuh dan respons terhadap stres, serta berkontribusi signifikan dalam berbagai gangguan kesehatan seperti disautonomia. Temuan juga menyoroti peran sistem limbik dan endokrin dalam regulasi SSO, serta pentingnya pendekatan diagnostik dan terapeutik yang tepat dalam menangani gangguan otonom.
References
Bear, M. F., Connors, B. W., & Paradiso, M. A. (2020). Neuroscience: Exploring the brain (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Benarroch, E. E. (2020). The central autonomic network: Functional organization, dysfunction, and perspective. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 95(9), 2020–2036.
Freeman, R., Wieling, W., Axelrod, F. B., Benditt, D. G., Benarroch, E., Biaggioni, I., … van Dijk, J. G. (2020). Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope, and the postural tachycardia syndrome. Autonomic Neuroscience, 228, 126–139.
Goldstein, D. S. (2021). Dysautonomia in Parkinson disease. Comprehensive Physiology, 11(4), 2469–2496.
Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2021). Textbook of medical physiology (14th ed.). Elsevier.
Hall, J. E. (2020). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology (13th ed.). Elsevier.
Holland, A. M., Smith, J. K., & Doe, R. L. (2022). The enteric nervous system in gastrointestinal disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 19(2), 103–117.
Jones, B. E., & Norcliffe‑Kaufmann, L. (2020). Diagnosis of autonomic disorders. Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology, 26(1), 48–69.
Kandel, E. R., Koester, J. D., Mack, S. H., & Siegelbaum, S. A. (2019). Principles of neural science (5th ed.). McGraw‑Hill Education.
Koenig, J., Kemp, A. H., & Thayer, J. F. (2021). The role of vagal function in emotion regulation. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 136, 104619.
Lin, Y., Chen, X., & Lee, S. M. (2020). Sleep, autonomic function, and inflammation in adolescents. Psychosomatic Medicine, 82(7), 670–678.
Longo, D. L., Kasper, D. L., Hauser, S. L., Jameson, J. L., Loscalzo, J., & Fauci, A. S. (2020). Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine (21st ed.). McGraw‑Hill Education.
Low, P. A. (2020). Laboratory evaluation of autonomic function. Clinical Autonomic Research, 30(1), 1–8.
Malik, M., Camm, A. J., Bigger, J. T., Breithardt, G., Cerutti, S., Cohen, R. J., … Kleiger, R. E. (2020). Heart rate variability standards of measurement. European Heart Journal, 41(3), 258–266.
Natsir, F., Hidayat, R., & Ramli, S. (2022). Efektivitas sistem saraf otonom terhadap pengaturan suhu tubuh pada pasien dewasa. Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin, 12(1), 42–49.
Norcliffe‑Kaufmann, L., Palma, J. A., & Kaufmann, H. (2020). Autonomic disorders in the post‑COVID‑19 era. Nature Reviews Neurology, 16, 370–372.
O’Sullivan, S. (2021). Vagal tone and the mind–body connection. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 38, 27–32.
Purves, D., Augustine, G. J., Fitzpatrick, D., Hall, W. C., LaMantia, A.‑S., Mooney, R. D., … White, L. E. (2018). Neuroscience (6th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Raj, S. R. (2021). Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS): An update. Autonomic Neuroscience, 235, 102837.
Shaffer, F., & Ginsberg, J. P. (2020). An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 258.
Thayer, J. F., & Koenig, J. (2021). Autonomic imbalance and the chronic effects of stress. Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, 1(2), 101–110.
Thayer, J. F., Åhs, F., Fredrikson, M., Sollers, J. J., & Wager, T. D. (2019). A meta‑analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: Implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health. Biological Psychology, 148, 107740.
Verheyden, B., Smith, A. J., & Brown, C. D. (2021). Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in neurological disorders. Autonomic Neuroscience, 236, 102872.
Yong, S. J. (2021). Persistent brainstem dysfunction in long‑COVID: A hypothesis. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 12(4), 573–580.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Indrayani Astuti

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.