Assessment Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Hypothyroidism Patients Before and After Treatment

Nuha Ali Hadi Ali_Samarrai; Rana Raad Zanzal; Mays Subhi Wasmi

doi:10.47134/pslse.v2i4.465

Authors

Nuha Ali Hadi Ali_Samarrai Samarra - Salah Eldin
Rana Raad Zanzal Samarra - Salah Eldin
Mays Subhi Wasmi Samarra - Salah Eldin

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/pslse.v2i4.465

Keywords:

Hypothyroidism, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, Levothyroxine Treatment, Lipid Profile

Abstract

Thyroid hormones influence the majority of bodily functions by directly impacting various physiological processes and the operation of numerous tissues. They are essential for the operation of other hormones. Aim of the study : Assessment level of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and malondialdehyde (MDA), ,Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3),and lipid profile in hypothyroidism women before and after treatment with levothyroxine. Materials and methods: 60 patients (before and after taking Levothyroxine treatment) and 30 control group were selected for the study. The study sample was selected from (15-54) years for the period from the end of September 2024 to the beginning of March 2025. The peak age of women with hypothyroidism was between (35-54) years, and its percentage reached 40%. Samples were taken from people who visit specialists in outpatient clinics and health centers in Samarra city. Result: The serum levels of GSH, GSH-PX, and MDA in hypothyroid patients before and after treatment were significantly distinct from those in the control group (p < 0.001). The lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, in the serum of hypothyroid patients exhibited significant differences from those of the control group before and after treatment (p = 0.01). Thyroid hormone levels (TSH, T3, and T4) exhibited a substantial rise (p < 0.01) in the serum of hypothyroid patients pre- and post-treatment in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: The current study concluded increase MDA in patient with hypothyroidism before treatment, while decrease after treatment. In contrast decrease both GSH, GSH-PX, and HDL in in patient with hypothyroidism before treatment, while increase after treatment

References

Bhanothu V, Fernandes S, Rao SC, Keshwani R, Shagun SW, Surve S, et al. Use of Allele-Specific-Amplification Refractory Mutation System–Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene Mutation in an Indian Family with Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis. Annals of Neonatology. 2024;6(1):7-36.

Draper H, Hadley M. A review of recent studies on the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous malondialdehyde. Xenobiotica. 1990;20(9):901-7.

Gambhir JK, Lali P, Jain AK. Correlation between blood antioxidant levels and lipid peroxidation in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical biochemistry. 1997;30(4):351-5.

Kim B. Thyroid hormone as a determinant of energy expenditure and the basal metabolic rate. Thyroid. 2008;18(2):141-4.

Mahadik K, Choudhary P, Roy P. Study of thyroid function in pregnancy, its feto-maternal outcome; a prospective observational study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2020;20:1-7.

Mansoor R, Rizvi S, Kausar W, Aslam F, Huda S. Comparison of TSH, T4 and T3 levels in primary hypothyroidism in relation to gender and age in a tertiary care hospital. Ann Pak Inst Med Sci. 2011;7(4):186-90.

Meah F, Lundholm M, Emanuele N, Amjed H, Poku C, Agrawal L, et al. The effects of cannabis and cannabinoids on the endocrine system. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2022;23(3):401-20.

Murgod R, Soans G. Changes in electrolyte and lipid profile in hypothyroidism. Int J Life Sci Pharma Res. 2012;2(3):185-94.

Nanda N. Oxidative stress in hypothyroidism. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology. 2016;3(1):4-9.

Omari A. Relation between Serum Homocysteine Level and Lipid Profile in Patients with Dyslipidemia. Education. 2002;2004.

Pereira B, Rosa LC, Safi D, Bechara EJH, Curi R. Control of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat lymphoid organs by thyroid hormones. Journal of Endocrinology. 1994;140(1):73-7.

Prabhu KA, Rao YD, Sowndarya K, Nandini M. Assessment of Oxidative Stress Index in Sub-Clinical Hypothyroidism. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal. 2021;14(2):739-49.

Rada F. Inference of oxidative stress in patients with hypothyroidism. European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2024;22(2):270-4.

Romero FJ, Bosch-Morell F, Romero MJ, Jareño EJ, Romero B, Marín N, et al. Lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants in human disease. Environmental health perspectives. 1998;106(suppl 5):1229-34.

Ruggeri RM, Giovinazzo S, Barbalace MC, Cristani M, Alibrandi A, Vicchio TM, et al. Influence of dietary habits on oxidative stress markers in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Thyroid. 2021;31(1):96-105.

Salaam A, Danjem S, Salaam A, Angba H, Ibinaiye P. Determination of Normal Thyroid Gland Volume On Ultrasound In Normal Adults In Jos, North Central Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 2020;10(1):44-54.

Sankha S, Kumar YM, Madhuri AA, Kumar MT. Antioxidant status and oxidative stress in hypothyroidism. Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University. 2021;16(3):508-14.

Shantha GPS, Kumar AA, Jeyachandran V, Rajamanickam D, Rajkumar K, Salim S, et al. Association between primary hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome and the role of C reactive protein: a cross–sectional study from South India. Thyroid research. 2009;2:1-7.

Stipanuk M. Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Human Nutrition. Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, USA; 2000.

Sundaram V, Hanna AN, Koneru L, Newman H, Falko JM. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism enhance low density lipoprotein oxidation. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1997;82(10):3421-4.

Swaroop A, Ramasarma T. Heat exposure and hypothyroid conditions decrease hydrogen peroxide generation in liver mitochondria. Biochemical Journal. 1985;226(2):403-8.

Varner MW, Mele L, Casey BM, Peaceman AM, Reddy UM, Wapner RJ, et al. Progression of gestational subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia to overt hypothyroidism after pregnancy: pooled analysis of data from two randomized controlled trials. Thyroid. 2024;34(9):1171-6.