Potensi Ekstrak Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) sebagai Adjuvan Pengendalian Glikemik pada Diabetes Melitus: Tinjauan Pustaka Kualitatif-Deskriptif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47134/phms.v3i2.567Keywords:
Tinospora Crispa, Brotowali, Diabetes Melitus, Pengendalian Glikemik, FitofarmakaAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara komprehensif potensi ekstrak Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) sebagai adjuvan pengendalian glikemik pada diabetes melitus, dengan fokus pada mekanisme farmakologis, efektivitas preklinik, dan relevansi kliniknya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif melalui studi pustaka yang melibatkan analisis sistematis terhadap artikel ilmiah, laporan penelitian, dan dokumen akademik terpublikasi antara tahun 2015–2024. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelusuran literatur ilmiah yang relevan, sedangkan analisis data dilakukan secara induktif melalui proses identifikasi tema, reduksi data, dan kategorisasi konsep untuk mendapatkan pemahaman holistik terhadap fenomena yang dikaji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tinospora crispa memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes yang kuat melalui mekanisme insulinotropik, peningkatan sensitivitas insulin, inhibisi enzim pencernaan karbohidrat, dan aktivitas antioksidan protektif terhadap sel β pankreas. Senyawa aktif seperti borapetoside, tinoscorside, dan β-sitosterol berperan penting dalam modulasi jalur sinyal PI3K/AKT, GLUT4, dan PTPN1. Meskipun bukti preklinik mendukung efektivitasnya, keterbatasan berupa minimnya uji klinik dan variasi metode ekstraksi masih menjadi kendala penerapan klinis. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting terhadap pengembangan fitofarmaka berbasis bukti ilmiah dan membuka peluang bagi penelitian lanjutan yang lebih mendalam mengenai dosis, keamanan, dan standardisasi formulasi Tinospora crispa.
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