The Most Effective Drugs in the Treatment of Myocarditis Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47134/phms.v1i2.214Keywords:
Myocarditis, Pharmacological Treatment, Immunosuppressive Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Cardiac Inflammation, Myocardial Injury, Clinical Outcomes, Drug Efficacy, Therapeutic Strategies, Heart Muscle InflammationAbstract
Myocarditis, characterized by inflammation of the heart muscle, presents a complex and challenging clinical scenario. This review explores the landscape of pharmacological interventions in the treatment of myocarditis, aiming to identify the most effective drugs in managing this inflammatory cardiac condition. A comprehensive analysis of current literature encompasses clinical trials, observational studies, and experimental models to evaluate the efficacy of various drug classes. From immunosuppressive agents to anti-inflammatory medications, the review delineates the mechanisms of action, safety profiles, and clinical outcomes associated with different drug interventions. The synthesis of evidence provides valuable insights into the pharmacotherapeutic strategies that demonstrate the highest efficacy in mitigating inflammation, preserving cardiac function, and improving patient outcomes in myocarditis
References
Alter, P., Figiel, J. H., Rupp, T. P., Bachmann, G. F., Maisch, B., & Rominger, M. B. (2013). MR, CT, and PET imaging in pericardial disease. Heart Fail Rev, 306, 18–289.
Ammirati, E. (2020). Management of Acute Myocarditis and Chronic Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy: An Expert Consensus Document. Circulation: Heart Failure, 13(11). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007405
Anthony, R. M., Nimmerjahn, F., Ashline, D. J., & others. (2008). Recapitulation of IVIG anti-inflammatory activity with a recombinant Ig Fc. Science, 320, 373–376.
Bardy, G. H., Lee, K. L., Mark, D. B., & others. (n.d.). Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverterdefibrillator for congestive heart failure.
Bozkurt, B. (2021). Myocarditis with COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines. Circulation, 144(6), 471–484. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056135
Brown, C. A., & O’Connell, J. B. (n.d.). Myocarditis and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Chen, C. (2020). SARS-CoV-2: a potential novel etiology of fulminant myocarditis. Herz, 45(3), 230–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-020-04909-z
Cooper, L. T., Berry, G. J., & Shabetai, R. (n.d.). Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis—natural history and treatment.
Costanzo-Nordin, M. R., Reap, E. A., Robinson, J. A., & Scanlon, P. J. (1985). A nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug exacerbates Coxsackie B3 murine myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol, 6, 1078–1082.
Gargano, J. W. (2021). Use of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine after reports of myocarditis among vaccine recipients: Update from the advisory committee on immunization practices - United States, June 2021. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70(27), 977–982. https://doi.org/10.15585/MMWR.MM7027E2
Hu, H. (2021). Coronavirus fulminant myocarditis treated with glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin. European Heart Journal, 42(2), 206. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa190
Klein, N. (2022). Transient Clozapine-induced Myocarditis Without Discontinuation of Medication: A Series of 2 Patients. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 28(2), 170–175. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRA.0000000000000618
Kociol, R. D. (2020). Recognition and Initial Management of Fulminant Myocarditis: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 141(6). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000745
Lauer, B., Padberg, K., Schultheiss, H. P., & Strauer, B. E. (1994). Autoantibodies against human ventricular myosin in sera of patients with acute and chronic myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol, 23, 146–153.
Liang, Y. (2023). Medication care of immune myocarditis induced by camrelizumab. Adverse Drug Reactions Journal, 25(10), 629–632. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn114015-20220708-00615
Maisch, B., & Pankuweit, S. (2012). Current treatment options in (peri)myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Herz, 37, 644–656.
Mevorach, D. (2021). Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against covid-19 in Israel. New England Journal of Medicine, 385(23), 2140–2149. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2109730
Oster, M. E. (2022). Myocarditis Cases Reported after mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination in the US from December 2020 to August 2021. JAMA, 327(4), 331–340. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.24110
Patone, M. (2022). Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nature Medicine, 28(2), 410–422. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01630-0
Pelliccia, A. (2019). Recommendations for participation in competitive and leisure time sport in athletes with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and pericarditis: Position statement of the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). European Heart Journal, 40(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy730
Rezkalla, S. H., & Kloner, R. A. (1989). Management strategies in viral myocarditis. Am Heart J, 117, 706–708.
Ryan, M. (2021). Myocarditis following immunization with mrna covid-19 vaccines in members of the us military. JAMA Cardiology, 6(10), 1202–1206. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2833
Sala, S. (2020). Acute myocarditis presenting as a reverse Tako-Tsubo syndrome in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection. European Heart Journal, 41(19), 1861–1862. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa286
Salem, J. E. (2019). Abatacept for severe immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated myocarditis. New England Journal of Medicine, 380(24), 2377–2379. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1901677
Siripanthong, B. (2020). Recognizing COVID-19–related myocarditis: The possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management. Heart Rhythm, 17(9), 1463–1471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.001
Stevenson, L. W. (1996). Diseases of the myocardium. In J. C. Bennett & F. Plum (Eds.), Cecil’s Textbook of Medicine (Twentieth, pp. 327–336). WB Saunders.
Tschöpe, C. (2021). Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: current evidence and future directions. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 18(3), 169–193. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-00435-x
Wenger, N. K., Abelmann, W. H., & Roberts, W. C. (1990). Myocarditis. In J. W. Hurst & R. C. Schlant (Eds.), The Heart (Seventh, pp. 1256–1277). McGraw Hill.
Witberg, G. (2021). Myocarditis after covid-19 vaccination in a large health care organization. New England Journal of Medicine, 385(23), 2132–2139. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2110737
Zeng, J. H. (2020). First case of COVID-19 complicated with fulminant myocarditis: a case report and insights. Infection, 48(5), 773–777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01424-5